Carboydrates

Chemical formula: (CH2O)n

Types:
i. Monosaccharides
Aldoses --> Aldehydes
Ketoses --> Ketones
Hexose --> 6-carbon ring
-5-sided ring (e.g. glucose)
-6-sided ring (e.g. fructose)
-"chairs" are more stable than "boats" because oxygens (reaction sites) in "chairs" are far away from each other
examples:
-glucose, fructose, galactose
ii. Disaccharides
formed when two monosaccharides react
examples:
-maltose, lactose, sucrose
iii. Polysaccharides
chain of monosaccharides
examples:
-amylose, amylopectin (has 2 branches), glycogen (has more branches than amylopectin), cellulose (network of glucose; component of cell walls)
iv. Oligosaccharides

Types of reactions:
i. Condensation/Dehydration
R-OH + HO-R' --> R-O-R' + H2O
Water is produced.
Glycosidic bond is formed.
examples:
glucose + glucose --> maltose + water
glucose + galactose --> lactose + water
ii. Hydrolysis
R-O-R' + H2O --> R-OH + HO-R'
example:
sucrose + water --> glucose + fructose